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101.
对浙江省金华市义乌江采集的边滩沉积物柱样,进行了系统的环境磁学、粒度、地球化学分析,以探讨环境磁学方法诊断河流沉积物重金属污染的可行性.结果表明,柱样磁性特征由亚铁磁性矿物主导,其垂向变化受到粒度和早期成岩作用的一定影响.柱样中重金属Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb含量及其富集因子除底部外,自下而上呈增加趋势,指示了柱样上部存在人为来源的重金属污染.柱样沉积物磁性特征与重金属含量及其富集因子的垂向变化存在相似性,其中磁化率(χ)、频率磁化率(χfd%)和硬剩磁(HIRM)与Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的含量具有显著的正相关关系,反映了磁性矿物与重金属具有相同的来源,或者细颗粒磁性矿物对重金属的吸附作用.上述结果表明,磁学方法可用于指示义乌江的重金属污染.但由于义乌江属于开放性的河流环境系统,磁性特征变化受多重因素影响,增加了利用磁学手段定量诊断重金属污染的复杂性. 相似文献
102.
磷酸三(1,3-二氯-2-丙基)酯(TDCPP)在环境介质及生物样本中被广泛检出,为探究TDCPP的潜在神经毒性以及作用机制,以C57BL/6小鼠为动物模型,考察经300 mg·kg-1·d-1的TDCPP持续染毒35 d后,小鼠大脑皮层神经功能相关因子及血清代谢组学的变化.结果显示,小鼠在TDCPP染毒35 d后,大脑皮层中5-羟色胺(5-HT)含量和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性无显著变化(P>0.05),而促炎性细胞因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)及胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)基因表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),神经营养因子-3(Ntf3)基因表达水平显著下调(P<0.05);同时,TDCPP染毒显著干扰了小鼠的代谢过程,引起异亮氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和β-葡萄糖等多种神经性疾病相关生物标志物的改变,以及氨基酸代谢、糖类代谢和脂质代谢紊乱.研究结果表明,TDCPP的神经毒性效应与神经炎症和神经元损伤相关因子转录水平改变,以及代谢失衡引起的信号紊乱有关. 相似文献
103.
104.
An immunology-based in vivo screening regime was used to assess the potential pathogenicity of biotechnology-related microbes. Strains of Bacillus cereus (Bc), Bacillus subtilis (Bs), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), and Bt commercial products (CPs) were tested. Balb/c mice were endotracheally instilled with purified spores, diluted CP, or vegetative cells (VC) (live or dead). Exposed mice were evaluated for changes in behavioral and physical symptoms, bacterial clearance, pulmonary granulocytes, and pulmonary and circulatory pyrogenic cytokines (interleukins (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α), as well as acute phase biomarkers (fibrinogen and serum amyloid A). Except for some differences in clearance rates, no marked effects were observed in mice exposed to any spore at 106 or 107 colony forming units (cfu). In contrast, live Bc or Bt VCs (105 or 106?cfu) produced shock-like symptoms (lethargy, hunched appearance, ruffled fur, and respiratory distress), and 11–200-fold elevations in pyrogenic cytokines at 2-h post-exposure. In the study, 4-h effects included increased lethargy, ocular discharge, and 1.5–4-fold rise in circulatory acute phase markers, but no indications of recovery. Bs VC did not produce any changes in symptoms or biomarkers. After 2 or 4?h of exposure to dead VC, increases of only plasma IL-1β and TNF-α (4.6- and 12.4-fold, respectively) were observed. These findings demonstrate that purified spores produced no marked effects in mice compared to that of metabolically active bacteria. This early screening regime was successful in distinguishing the pathogenicity of the different Bacillus species, and might be useful for assessing the relative hazard potential of other biotechnology-related candidate strains. 相似文献
105.
Die Kenntnis biochemischer Veränderungen von lipophilen körperfremden Stoffen ist hinsichtlich deren Elimination aus dem Organismus, sowie bei Überlegungen zur Voraussage toxischer, insbesondere carcinogener Wirkungen von vorrangiger Bedeutung 相似文献
106.
Patricia Rosa Viviane Nguyen Frédérique Dubois 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(9):1259-1265
When animals have to decide where to forage, what to eat or with whom to mate, they can base their decisions on either socially or personally acquired information. In accordance with theoretical predictions, there is experimental evidence that animals adjust the weight they give to both sources of information depending on circumstances. Notably, several studies have demonstrated that individuals rely more on social information when personal information is difficult to acquire or unreliable, because these conditions leave them uncertain as how to behave. Yet, even when individuals are exposed to the same conditions, they generally differ widely in the value they attribute to social and personal information. These differences suggest that the tendency to rely on social information would also depend on intrinsic characteristics that affect, for instance, individual efficiency in collecting personal information. To address this issue, we conducted laboratory experiments using female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) and we tested them under three consecutive conditions. First, we evaluated their reliance on social information in a mating context and in a foraging context. Then, we measured their efficiency in acquiring personal information by recording their sampling behaviour when searching for hidden food. We found that females that sampled their environment less actively consistently relied on social information to a greater extent compared with those that invested more in sampling. Contrary to what is generally assumed, then, our study demonstrates that social information use is not entirely flexible and context dependent. 相似文献
107.
Taro Miyoshi Thanh Phong Nguyen Terumi Tsumuraya Hiromu Tanaka Toru Morita Hiroki Itokawa Toshikazu Hashimoto 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2018,12(3):1
108.
Anthropogenic influence on surface water quality of the Nhue and Day sub-river systems in Vietnam 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pham Thi Minh Hanh Suthipong Sthiannopkao Kyoung-Woong Kim Dang The Ba Nguyen Quang Hung 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(3):227-236
In order to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of 14 physical and chemical surface water parameters in the Nhue
and Day sub-river systems of Vietnam, surface water samples were taken from 43 sampling sites during the dry and rainy seasons
in 2007. The results were statistically examined by Mann–Whitney U-test and hierarchical cluster analysis. The results show that water quality of the Day River was significantly improved during
the rainy season while this was not the case of the Nhue River. However, the river water did not meet the Vietnamese surface
water quality standards for dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nutrients, total coliform, and fecal coliform. This implies that the health of local communities
using untreated river water for drinking purposes as well as irrigation of vegetables may be at risk. Forty-three sampling
sites were grouped into four main clusters on the basis of water quality characteristics with particular reference to geographic
location and land use and revealed the contamination levels from anthropogenic sources. 相似文献
109.
Increasing polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) contamination in sediment cores from the inner Clyde Estuary,UK 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christopher H. Vane Yun-Juan Ma She-Jun Chen Bi-Xian Mai 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2010,32(1):13-21
The concentrations of 16 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners in six short sediment cores from the Clyde Estuary
were determined by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry. Total PBDE concentrations ranged from 1 to 2,645 μg/kg and the average
concentration was 287 μg/kg. BDE-209 was the main congener and varied from 1 to 2,337 μg/kg. Elevated total PBDE concentrations
were observed close to the sediment surface in the uppermost 10 cm of four of the six sediment cores. Comparison of the down
core PBDE profiles revealed that the increase was driven by the accumulation of deca-BDE. Although the deca-BDE mix was dominant,
the presence of lower molecular weight congeners BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-183 and BDE-153 at most sediment intervals suggested
additional sources of penta-BDE and octa-BDE pollution. Changing PBDE source input was the major factor in influencing the
proportion of nona-brominated congeners, although other explanations such as post burial photo-debromination of BDE-209 cannot
be entirely discounted. A clear cascading to lower hepta-, hexa-, and penta-homologues was not found. The increase in total
PBDE concentrations and particularly the deca-BDE may possibly be ascribed to the use and subsequent disposal of electrical
appliances such as televisions and computers. In the Clyde sediments, the proportion of nona-brominated congeners was higher
than that reported for commercial mixtures. This might be due to changing sources of PBDEs or post burial photo-debromination
of BDE-209. 相似文献
110.
Thi Thu Nga PhamHuu Hao Ngo Wenshan GuoHo Phuong Dung Dang Bandita MainaliArchie Johnston Andrzej Listowski 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(5):535-540
Recycled water is a valuable resource that has potential to free up potable water supplies and recharge systems while improving the environment. Recycled water for washing machine could be one of the options as new end use of recycled water to alleviate the demand on existing and limited water supplies. This paper summarizes the findings of a research survey in Sydney, Australia to explore the attitudes and opinions of community towards the use of recycled water for different purposes, especially for the washing machine. The survey showed that 97% of the respondents were aware of the persisting water shortage problem while more than 60% of the respondents supported the use of recycled water for washing clothes. This paper exposes the basic concern of participants for using recycled water in washing machine. Health issue was found as the most concerns of the community. The survey also presents the further conditions to be considered for using recycled water for washing machine according to the participants’ opinions. Correlation between knowledge and attitudes of respondents was also found in this survey. 相似文献